Integrating 2D Mouse Emulation with 3D Manipulation for Visualizations on a Multi-Touch Table

We present the Rizzo, a multi-touch virtual mouse that has been designed to provide the fine grained interaction for information visualization on a multi-touch table. Our solution enables touch interaction for existing mouse-based visualizations. Previously, this transition to a multi-touch environment was difficult because the mouse emulation of touch surfaces is often insufficient to provide full information visualization functionality. We present a unified design, combining many Rizzos that have been designed not only to provide mouse capabilities but also to act as zoomable lenses that make precise information access feasible. The Rizzos and the information visualizations all exist within a touch-enabled 3D window management system. Our approach permits touch interaction with both the 3D windowing environment as well as with the contents of the individual windows contained therein. We describe an implementation of our technique that augments the VisLink 3D visualization environment to demonstrate how to enable multi-touch capabilities on all visualizations written with the popular prefuse visualization toolkit.

Presenting using Two-Handed Interaction in Open Space

Based on recent demonstrations of low-cost, infrared-based point tracking, we explore two-handed, surface-less interaction for presentation. On both hands, thumb and index finger are equipped with retro-reflective markers which are tracked by a Wiimote. We contribute a robust finger pairing and pinch recognition method that allows us to discriminate the hands and to initiate actions. We, apply this input to a presentation application that allows users to work with slide decks, images, and videos. We identify specific requirements of this application domain and discuss the implemented transformation interactions and widgets. We report on user experience in both casual use and an actual presentation as well as discuss advantages and limitations

Bcrp1;Mdr1a/b;Mrp2 combination knockout mice : altered disposition of the dietary carcinogen PhIP (2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine) and its genotoxic metabolites

The multidrug transporters BCRP, MDR1, MRP2 and MRP3 eliminate toxic compounds from tissues and the body, and affect the pharmacokinetics of many drugs and other potentially toxic compounds. The food-derived carcinogen PhIP (2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine) is transported by BCRP, MDR1 and MRP2. To investigate the overlapping functions of Bcrp1, Mdr1a/b and Mrp2 in vivo, we generated Bcrp1;Mdr1a/b;Mrp2-/- mice, which are viable and fertile. These mice, together with Bcrp1;Mrp2;Mrp3-/- mice, were used to study the effects of the multidrug transporters on the pharmacokinetics of PhIP and its metabolites. 30 minutes after oral or i.v. administration of PhIP (1 mg/kg), PhIP levels in small intestine were 4-6-fold reduced in Bcrp1;Mdr1a/b;Mrp2-/- and Bcrp1;Mrp2;Mrp3-/- mice compared to wild-type mice. Fecal excretion of PhIP was 8-20-fold reduced in knockouts. Biliary PhIP excretion was 41-fold reduced in Bcrp1;Mdr1a/b;Mrp2-/- mice. Biliary and small intestinal levels of PhIP metabolites were reduced in Bcrp1;Mrp2-deficient mice. Furthermore, in both knockout strains kidney levels and urinary excretion of genotoxic PhIP-metabolites were significantly increased, suggesting that reduced biliary excretion of PhIP and PhIP-metabolites leads to increased urinary excretion of these metabolites, and increased systemic exposure. Bcrp1 and Mdr1a limited PhIP brain accumulation. In Bcrp1;Mrp2;Mrp3-/-, but not Bcrp1;Mdr1a/b;Mrp2-/- mice, the carcinogenic metabolites N2-OH-PhIP and PhIP-5-sulphate (a genotoxicity marker) accumulated in liver, indicating that Mrp3 is involved in the sinusoidal secretion of these compounds. We conclude that Bcrp1, Mdr1a/b, Mrp2 and Mrp3 significantly affect tissue disposition and biliary and fecal elimination of PhIP and its carcinogenic metabolites and may affect PhIP-induced carcinogenesis as a result